Melting Technology
Parizvino, kunyungudutswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemhangura kunowanzo tora induction yekunyungudutsa choto, uye zvakare kunotora reverberatory kunyungudutsa kwechoto kunyungudutsa uye kunyungudutswa kwechoto cheshaft.
Induction furnace smelting inokodzera marudzi ese emhangura nemhangura alloys, uye ine hunhu hwekunyungudika kwakachena uye kuve nechokwadi chemhando yekunyungudika. Zvinoenderana nechimiro chechoto, masimbi ekupinza akakamurwa kuita epakati induction furnaces uye coreless induction furnaces. Iyo cored induction furnace ine hunhu hwemhando yepamusoro yekugadzira uye yakanyanya kupisa kunyatsoshanda, uye inokodzera kuenderera kunyungudika kwemhando imwe chete yemhangura nemhangura alloys, senge tsvuku mhangura nendarira. Iyo coreless induction furnace ine hunhu hwekukurumidza kupisa kumhanya uye nyore kutsiva kwemhando dzealloy. Inokodzera kunyungudutsa mhangura nemhangura alloys ine yakakwira melting point uye akasiyana siyana, akadai sebronze uye cupronickel.
Vacuum induction furnace induction furnace ine vacuum system, yakakodzera kunyungudutsa mhangura nemhangura alloys ayo ari nyore kufemesa uye oxidize, senge oxygen-isina mhangura, beryllium bronze, zirconium bronze, magnesium bronze, nezvimwe zvemagetsi vacuum.
Reverberatory furnace smelting inogona kunatsa uye kubvisa tsvina kubva mukunyunguduka, uye inonyanya kushandiswa mukunyungudutswa kwendarira yakaraswa. Iyo shaft choto imhando yekukurumidza kuenderera kunyunguduka yevira, iyo ine zvakanakira yeakanyanya kupisa kunyatsoshanda, yakanyanya kunyungudika, uye nyore kudzima kwevira. Inogona kudzorwa; hapana nzira yekunatsa, saka huwandu hukuru hwezvigadzirwa zvinodiwa kuti ive cathode mhangura. Shaft furnaces dzinowanzo shandiswa nemichina inoenderera mberi yekukandira, uye inogona zvakare kushandiswa nekubata mavira kwehafu-inopfuurira kukanda.
Maitiro ekuvandudza tekinoroji yekugadzira mhangura inonyungudutsa inonyanya kuratidzwa mukudzikisa kupisa kwekurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa, kuderedza oxidation uye inhalation yekunyunguduka, kuvandudza kunaka kwekunyunguduka, uye kutora hunyanzvi hwepamusoro (chiyero chekunyungudika kwechoto chemukati chakakura. kupfuura 10 t / h), hukuru-hukuru (kukwanisa kwechoto chekupinza kunogona kuva kwakakura kudarika 35 t / set), hupenyu hurefu (hupenyu hwemachira ndeye 1 kusvika kumakore maviri) uye kuchengetedza simba (kushandiswa kwesimba kweiyo induction. choto chiri pasi pe 360 kW h / t), choto chekubata chine mudziyo we degassing (CO gas degassing), uye induction choto Iyo sensor inotora chimiro chespray, iyo yemagetsi yekudzora midziyo inotora bidirectional thyristor plus frequency inoshandura magetsi, iyo firnace preheating, mamiriro echoto uye refractory tembiricha yekutarisa uye alarm system, choto chekubata chine huremu mudziyo, uye tembiricha kutonga kwakanyatso.
Zvishandiso zvekugadzira - Slitting Line
Kugadzirwa kwemhangura strip slitting line inoramba ichiita kutsemura uye kutsemura tambo yekugadzira iyo inokudza coil yakafara kuburikidza neuncoiler, inocheka coil muhupamhi hunodiwa kuburikidza nemuchina wekutsemura, uye woidzosera kuita makoiri akati wandei kuburikidza nemhepo. (Storage Rack) Shandisa crane kuchengetedza mipumburu pane yekuchengetera rack
↓
(Mota inorodha) Shandisa trolley yekudyisa kuisa nemaoko roll yemidziyo padhiramu rekuvhura uye simbisa.
↓
(Uncoiler uye anti-loosening pressure roller) Sunungura coil nerubatsiro rwegwaro rekuvhura uye rekumanikidza roller.
↓
(NO · 1 looper uye swing bridge) kuchengetedza uye buffer
↓
(Edge giidhi uye pinch roller mudziyo) Vertical rollers inotungamira shiti mupinch rollers kudzivirira kutsauka, gidhidhi rakamira rakamira rakafara nekumira zvinochinjika.
↓
(Slitting muchina) pinda muchina wekutsemura wekuisa nekutsemura
↓
(Kurumidza-chinja chigaro cherotary) Turusi boka kuchinjanisa
↓
(Chishandiso chekupeta mhepo) Cheka zvimedu
↓(Table end guide table uye coil tail stopper) Taura NO.2 looper
↓
(swing zambuko uye NO.2 looper) zvinhu kuchengetedza uye kubviswa ukobvu musiyano
↓
(Tension plate tension uye mhepo yekuwedzera shaft yekuparadzanisa mudziyo) inopa simba rekumanikidzana, ndiro uye kupatsanurwa kwebhandi.
↓
(Slitting shear, chidhiraivho chekuyeresa kureba uye tafura yekutungamira) kureba kuyera, coil yakatarwa-kureba segmentation, tepi tambo yekutungamira
↓
(winder, mudziyo wekuparadzanisa, push plate mudziyo) mutsetse wekuparadzanisa, coiling
↓
(rori yekuburutsa, kurongedza) tepi yemhangura kuburitsa uye kurongedza
Hot Rolling Technology
Kupisa kutenderedza kunonyanya kushandiswa billet rolling yeingots yepepa, mitsetse uye foil kugadzira.
Ingot mataurirwo ebillet rolling anofanirwa kufunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita semhando yechigadzirwa, chiyero chekugadzira, nzira yekukanda, nezvimwewo, uye zvine chekuita nemamiriro emidziyo yekukunguruka (sekuvhura roll, dhayamita yeromburu, kutenderedzwa kutenderedzwa, simba remota, uye kureba kwetafura). , nezvimwewo. Kazhinji, chiyero chiri pakati pekukora kweingot uye dhayamita yemupumburu ndeye 1: (3.5 ~ 7): hupamhi hunowanzo kuenzana kana kanoverengeka pahupamhi hwechigadzirwa chakapedzwa, uye hupamhi uye kucheka huwandu hunofanirwa kunge hwakaenzana. zvakafungwa. Kazhinji, hupamhi hwe slab hunofanira kuva 80% yehurefu hwemuviri we roll. Kureba kweingot kunofanirwa kutariswa zvine musoro zvichienderana nemamiriro ekugadzira. Kazhinji kutaura, pasi pechifungidziro chekuti tembiricha yekupedzisira yekutenderedza inopisa inogona kudzorwa, iyo ingot yakareba, inokwirisa kugadzirwa kwakanaka uye goho.
Iyo ingot yakatarwa yezvidiki uye zvepakati-saizi mhangura michina yekugadzira kazhinji (60 ~ 150) mm × (220 ~ 450) mm × (2000 ~ 3200) mm, uye ingot huremu ndeye 1.5 ~ 3 t; iyo ingot inotsanangurwa yemidziyo mikuru yekugadzira mhangura Kazhinji, iri (150～250)mm×(630～1250)mm×(2400～8000)mm, uye huremu hweingot i4.5～20 t.
Munguva yekupisa kunopisa, kutonhora kwepamusoro pepumburu kunokwira zvakanyanya panguva iyo mupumburu unosangana nepamusoro-tembiricha inoputika. Kudzokorora kuwedzera kwekushisa uye kutonhora kunotonhora kunokonzera kuputika uye kuputika pamusoro pemupumburu. Naizvozvo, kutonhora nekuzora kunofanirwa kuitwa panguva yekupisa. Kazhinji, mvura kana yakaderera emulsion inoshandiswa seyakatonhora uye yekuzora svikiro. Huwandu hwese hwekushanda hwekudziya kupisa hunowanzo 90% kusvika 95%. Ukobvu hwemutsetse unopisa-wakatenderedzwa kazhinji 9 kusvika 16 mm. Kugaya kwepamusoro kwemutsetse mushure mekupisa kutenderedza kunogona kubvisa pamusoro peiyo oxide layer, chiyero chinopindirwa uye humwe hurema hwepamusoro hunogadzirwa panguva yekukanda, kupisa uye kupisa. Zvinoenderana nekuoma kwehurema hwepamusoro hweiyo inopisa-yakatenderedzwa tambo uye zvinodikanwa zvemaitiro, iyo milling yedivi rega rega ndeye 0.25 kusvika 0.5 mm.
Zvigayo zvinopisa zvinotenderedza zvigayo zviviri-pamusoro kana zvina-pamusoro zvinotenderedza zvigayo. Nekuwedzerwa kweingot uye nekuenderera mberi kwehurefu hwetambo, chiyero chekutonga uye kushanda kwechigayo chinopisa chine maitiro ekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza nekuvandudza, sekushandisa otomatiki gobvu control, hydraulic beng rolls, kumberi uye kumashure. vertical rolls, inotonhora chete inotonhorera isina kutonhora Rolling mudziyo mudziyo, TP roll (Taper Pis-ton Roll) korona yekutonga, online quenching (kudzima) mushure mekukunguruka, online coiling uye humwe hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza kufanana kweiyo mitsetse chimiro uye zvivakwa uye kuwana zvirinani. ndiro.
Sravana Sameeralu Serial 4th Casting Technology
Kukandwa kwemhangura nemhangura alloys anowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita: vertical semi-inoenderera kukanda, yakatwasuka yakazara inoenderera kukanda, yakachinjika inoenderera kukanda, kumusoro inoenderera ichikanda uye humwe matekinoroji ekukanda.
A. Vertical Semi-continuous Casting
Vertical semi-inoramba ichikandwa ine hunhu hwemichina yakapusa uye inochinjika kugadzirwa, uye yakakodzera kukanda akasiyana akatenderera uye akafuratira ingots dzemhangura nemhangura alloys. Iyo yekufambisa modhi yewakamira semi-inoenderera mberi yekukanda muchina yakakamurwa kuita hydraulic, lead screw uye tambo yewaya. Nekuti iyo hydraulic transmission haina kugadzikana, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya. Iyo crystallizer inogona kuzunguzwa neakasiyana amplitudes uye ma frequency sezvinodiwa. Parizvino, iyo semi-inopfuurira yekukanda nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemhangura nemhangura alloy ingots.
B. Vertical full Continuous Casting
Vertical yakazara inoenderera mberi ichikanda ine hunhu hwekubuda kukuru uye goho rakakura (rinenge 98%), rakakodzera hukuru-hukuru uye hunoramba huchigadzirwa hweingots nemhando imwe chete uye yakatarwa, uye iri kuve imwe yenzira huru dzekusarudza dzekunyungudika nekukanda. maitiro pamitsetse yemazuva ano yakakura-yemhangura yekugadzira mitsetse. Iyo yakatwasuka izere inoenderera mberi yekukanda mold inotora isingabatane nelaser liquid level otomatiki kudzora. Muchina wekukanda kazhinji unotora hydraulic clamping, mechanic transmission, online mafuta-yakatonhorera yakaoma chip sawing uye chip kuunganidza, otomatiki kumaka, uye kurereka ingot. Chimiro chakaoma uye chiyero che automation chakakwira.
C. Horizontal Continuous Casting
Horizontal inoenderera mberi ichikanda inogona kuburitsa mabheti uye waya mabheti.
Strip horizontal inoramba ichikanda inogona kuburitsa copper uye copper alloy mitsetse ine ukobvu hwe14-20mm. Mitsetse iri muhukobvu uhwu inogona kunge yakananga kutonhora-yakakungurutswa isina inopisa kukungurutswa, saka inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira alloys yakaoma kupisa-roll (senge tin. Phosphor bronze, lead brass, etc.), inogonawo kugadzira ndarira, cupronickel uye yakaderera alloyed copper alloy strip. Zvichienderana nehupamhi hwetambo yekukanda, yakachinjika inoramba ichikanda inogona kukanda 1 kusvika 4 mitsetse panguva imwe chete. Inowanzo shandiswa yakachinjika inoramba ichikanda michina inogona kukanda mitsetse miviri panguva imwe chete, imwe neimwe ine hupamhi isingasviki 450 mm, kana kukanda tambo imwe ine hupamhi hwetambo ye650-900 mm. Iyo yakachinjika inoenderera mberi yekukanda tambo inowanzo tora nzira yekukanda yekudhonza-mira-reverse kusunda, uye kune periodic crystallization mitsetse pamusoro, iyo inofanirwa kubviswa nekugaya. Kune mienzaniso yemumba yemhangura yepamusoro-yepamusoro-soro inogona kugadzirwa nekudhirowa uye kukanda mitsetse yemabheti pasina kugaya.
Horizontal inoenderera mberi ichikanda chubhu, tsvimbo uye waya mabheti anogona kukanda 1 kusvika ku20 ingots panguva imwe chete zvichienderana neakasiyana alloys uye zvakatemwa. Kazhinji, dhayamita yebhawa kana waya isina chinhu ndeye 6 kusvika 400 mm, uye dhayamita yekunze yechubhu isina chinhu ndeye 25 kusvika 300 mm. Ukobvu hwemadziro ndeye 5-50 mm, uye kureba kweiyo ingot ndeye 20-300 mm. Zvakanakira iyo yakachinjika inoenderera yekukanda nzira ndeyekuti maitiro ipfupi, mutengo wekugadzira wakaderera, uye kugona kwekugadzira kwakakwira. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo zvakare inodiwa nzira yekugadzira yezvimwe zviwanikwa zvealloy zvine hurombo hunopisa hunoshanda. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, ndiyo nzira huru yekugadzira mabheti ezvigadzirwa zvemhangura zvinowanzoshandiswa zvakadai setin-phosphor bronze strips, zinc-nickel alloy strips, uye phosphorus-deoxidized copper air-conditioning pipes. nzira dzekugadzira.
Izvo zvakashata zveiyo yakatwasuka inoramba ichikanda nzira yekugadzira ndeiyi: akakodzera alloy marudzi ari nyore, kushandiswa kweiyo graphite zvinhu mu mold yemukati sleeve yakakura, uye kufanana kwekristaro chimiro chemuchinjiko weingot haisi. nyore kudzora. Chikamu chezasi cheingot chinoramba chichitonhorera nekuda kwekuita kwesimba, iyo iri pedyo nemadziro emukati emuumbi, uye zviyo zvakanyanyisa; chikamu chepamusoro chinokonzerwa nekuumbwa kwemapapiro emhepo uye kupisa kwakanyanya kunyunguduka, izvo zvinokonzera kupera mukusimba kweingot, iyo inoderedza kutonhora kwemhepo uye inoita ingot solidification hysteresis. Iyo crystalline chimiro chakakora, iyo inonyanya kuoneka kune yakakura-saizi ingots. Tichitarisa zvikanganiso zviri pamusoro, nzira yekukanda yakatwasuka ine billet iri kuvandudzwa. Imwe kambani yeGerman yakashandisa vertical bending inoenderera caster test-cast (16-18) mm × 680 mm tin tin bronze strips seDHP neCuSn6 nekumhanya kwe600 mm/min.
D. Kukwidza Kunoenderera Kuchikanda
Kukwira kumusoro kunoenderera mberi kukanda inyanzvi yekukanda iyo yakakurumidza kukura mumakore makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu apfuura, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemabheti ewaya kune tambo dzakajeka dzemhangura. Inoshandisa musimboti wevacuum suction casting uye inotora tekinoroji yekumisa-kudhonza kuti ione inoenderera yakawanda-yemusoro kukanda. Iine maitiro emidziyo yakapfava, mari shoma, kurasikirwa kwesimbi kushoma, uye kuderera kwemaitiro ekusvibisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kukwidza kunoramba kuchikanda kunowanzo kwakakodzera kugadzirwa kwemhangura tsvuku uye isina oxygen-isina waya yemhangura. Kubudirira kutsva kwakagadzirwa mumakore achangopfuura ndiko kufarirwa kwayo uye kushandiswa muhombe-dhayamita chubhu blanks, brass uye cupronickel. Parizvino, chikwata chepamusoro chinoramba chichikanda chikwata chegore negore che 5,000 t uye dhayamita inodarika Φ100 mm yakagadzirwa; bhinari yakajairika yendarira uye zinc-white copper ternary alloy wire billets yakagadzirwa, uye goho remabheti ewaya rinogona kusvika kupfuura 90%.
E. Dzimwe Nzira dzekukanda
Iyo inoenderera mberi yekukanda billet tekinoroji iri pasi pekuvandudzwa. Iyo inokunda kukanganisa kwakadai se slub mamaki akaumbwa pamusoro pekunze kwebillet nekuda kwekumira-kudhonza nzira yekukwira kunoramba kuchikanda, uye iyo yepamusoro yemhando yakanakisa. Uye nekuda kweiyo inenge yakananga yekusimbisa maitiro, chimiro chemukati chakafanana uye chakachena, saka kuita kwechigadzirwa kuri nani zvakare. Iyo tekinoroji yekugadzira yemhando yebhandi inoenderera ichikanda mhangura waya billet yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumitsetse mikuru yekugadzira pamusoro pematani matatu. Iyo mhiri-chikamu nzvimbo yeslab inowanzopfuura 2000 mm2, uye inoteverwa neinoenderera mberi ichitenderedza chigayo chine hunyanzvi hwekugadzira.
Electromagnetic casting yakaedzwa munyika yangu kutanga kuma1970, asi kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri hakuna kuitika. Mumakore achangopfuura, tekinoroji yekukanda tekinoroji yakafambira mberi zvikuru. Parizvino, okisijeni-isina mhangura ingots ye Φ200 mm yakakandwa zvinobudirira neyakatsetseka. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo inokurudzira yemunda wemagetsi pane yakanyunguduka inogona kukurudzira kupera uye kubvisa slag, uye mhangura isina oxygen ine okisijeni inodzika isingasviki 0.001% inogona kuwanikwa.
Iyo inotungamira yeitsva yemhangura alloy yekukanda tekinoroji ndeyekuvandudza chimiro che mold kuburikidza neinotungamira kusimba, nekukurumidza kusimba, semi-yakasimba kuumba, electromagnetic inosimudzira, metamorphic kurapwa, otomatiki kudzora kwemvura level uye dzimwe nzira dzehunyanzvi zvinoenderana neiyo solidification theory. , densification, kucheneswa, uye kuona kuenderera mberi kwekushanda uye pedyo-kuguma kuumba.
Mukufamba kwenguva, kukanda kwemhangura nemhangura alloys kuchave kugarisana kwehafu-inoenderera mberi yekukanda tekinoroji uye yakazara inoenderera tekinoroji yekukanda, uye chikamu chekushandisa cheinoenderera mberi yekukanda tekinoroji icharamba ichiwedzera.
Cold Rolling Technology
Zvinoenderana neyakarongedzerwa mitsara yekumisikidza uye kukunguruka maitiro, kutonhora kukungurutsira kunokamurwa kuita kutumbuka, kukunguruka kwepakati uye kupedzisa kukunguruka. Maitiro ekutonhora achikungurutsa tambo yakakandwa nehupamhi hwe14 kusvika 16 mm uye inopisa yakakungurutswa billet ine ukobvu hwe5 kusvika 16 mm kusvika 2 kusvika 6 mm inonzi kutumbuka, uye maitiro ekuenderera mberi nekudzikisa ukobvu hwe chidimbu chinokungurutswa chinonzi intermediate rolling. , iyo yekupedzisira inotonhora yekutenderedza kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zveyakapedzwa chigadzirwa inonzi finish rolling.
Iyo inotonhora yekutenderedza maitiro inoda kudzora iyo yekudzikisa sisitimu (yakazara yekugadzirisa chiyero, kupfuudza chiyero chekugadzirisa uye kupera kwechigadzirwa chekugadzirisa) zvichienderana neyakasiyana maalloys, kutenderera maratidziro uye kupedza chigadzirwa kuita zvinodiwa, zvine musoro sarudza uye gadzirisa roll chimiro, uye zvine musoro sarudza iyo lubrication. nzira uye lubricant. Tension kuyerwa uye kugadzirisa.
Zvigayo zvinotonhora zvinotenderedza zvinowanzo shandisa mana-pamusoro kana akawanda-akakwirira-akakwira anotenderedza zvigayo. Zvigayo zvemazuva ano zvinotonhora zvinotenderedza zvinowanzo shandisa matekinoroji akadai se hydraulic positive uye negative roll kupeta, otomatiki kudzora ukobvu, kudzvanywa uye kukakavara, axial kufamba kwema rolls, segmental kutonhora kwemaromburu, otomatiki kudzora kweplate chimiro, uye otomatiki kurongeka kwezvidimbu zvakakungurutswa. , kuitira kuti kurongeka kwemucheka kunogona kuvandudzwa. Kusvika ku0.25±0.005 mm uye mukati me5I yeplate chimiro.
Mafambiro ekuvandudza tekinoroji inotonhora yekutenderedza inoratidzwa mukuvandudza uye kushandiswa kweakakwirira-chaiyo akawanda-roll zvigayo, yakakwira yekumhanyisa kumhanya, yakanyatso kukora mitsetse uye kudzora chimiro, uye ebetsero matekinoroji akadai sekutonhodza, lubrication, coiling, centering uye kukurumidza roll. shanduko. kunatsiridza, etc.
Kugadzira Equipment-Bell Furnace
Bell jar mavira uye masimbi ekusimudza anowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira maindasitiri uye bvunzo dzekutyaira. Kazhinji, simba rakakura uye simba rekushandisa rakakura. Kune maindasitiri emaindasitiri, choto cheLuoyang Sigma chinosimudza choto ndeye ceramic fiber, ine yakanaka kuchengetedza simba, kuderera kwesimba kushandiswa, uye kushoma simba kushandiswa. Chengetedza magetsi uye nguva, iyo inobatsira kuwedzera kugadzirwa.
Makore makumi maviri neshanu apfuura, BRANDS yekuGermany naPhilips, kambani inotungamira muindasitiri yekugadzira ferrite, vakabatana vakagadzira muchina mutsva wekuisira. Kugadziridzwa kwemidziyo iyi kunopa kune zvakakosha zvinodiwa zveindasitiri yeferrite. Munguva iyi, iyo BRANDS Bell Furnace inoramba ichivandudzwa.
Anoteerera kune zvinodiwa nemakambani ane mukurumbira pasi rose akadai sePhilips, Siemens, TDK, FDK, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinobatsirwawo zvakanyanya kubva kumidziyo yepamusoro yeBRANDS.
Nekuda kwekugadzikana kwepamusoro kwezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nebell furnaces, mabhero emoto ave makambani epamusoro muindasitiri yekugadzira ferrite. Makore makumi maviri neshanu apfuura, honi yekutanga yakagadzirwa neBRANDS ichiri kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvePhilips.
Chimiro chikuru chevira rinopisa rinopiwa nebhero revira ndiko kushanda kwayo kwepamusoro. Yayo yehungwaru yekudzora sisitimu uye mimwe michina inoumba yakakwana inoshanda unit, iyo inogona kuzadzisa zvizere zvinenge zvechizvino-zvino-zvinodiwa zveindasitiri yeferrite.
Bell jar virace vatengi vanogona kuronga uye kuchengetedza chero tembiricha / mamiriro ekunze anodiwa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Pamusoro pezvo, vatengi vanogona zvakare kugadzira chero zvimwe zvigadzirwa nenguva zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo, nekudaro kupfupisa nguva dzekutungamira uye kuderedza mitengo. Iyo sintering midziyo inofanirwa kuve nekugadzirisa kwakanaka kugadzira zvakasiyana siyana zvigadzirwa kuti zvirambe zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvemusika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvigadzirwa zvinoenderana zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutengi wega.
Mugadziri akanaka weferrite anogona kugadzira anopfuura zviuru zana magineti akasiyana kuti asangane nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Izvi zvinoda kukwanisa kudzokorora nzira ye sintering nehupamhi hwepamusoro. Bell jar choto masisitimu ave mavira akajairwa kune vese vanogadzira ferrite.
Muindasitiri yeferrite, mavira aya anonyanya kushandiswa kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa uye yakakwirira μ kukosha ferrite, kunyanya muindasitiri yekutaurirana. Hazvibviri kubudisa macores emhando yepamusoro pasina bhero revira.
Iyo bhero choto chinoda vashoma vanoshanda panguva ye sintering, kurodha uye kurodha kunogona kupedzwa mukati mezuva, uye sintering inogona kupedzwa usiku, ichigonesa peak kuveura kwemagetsi, iyo inoshanda kwazvo mune yanhasi kuperevedza kwesimba. Bell jar mavira anogadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro, uye ese ekuwedzera mari inodzoserwa nekukurumidza nekuda kwezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Tembiricha uye kudzora mamiriro ekunze, dhizaini yevira uye kudzora kuyerera kwemhepo mukati mechoto zvese zvakanyatsobatanidzwa kuve nechokwadi chekudziya kwechigadzirwa chakafanana uye kutonhora. Kudzora kwemhepo yekupisa panguva yekutonhodza kwakanangana nekushisa kwechoto uye kunogona kuvimbisa okisijeni yemukati ye0.005% kana kutodzika. Uye izvi zvinhu zvisingakwanisi kuitwa nevakwikwidzi vedu.
Nekuda kweiyo yakazara alphanumeric programming yekuisa sisitimu, kureba sintering maitiro anogona kudzokororwa zviri nyore, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi chemhando yechigadzirwa. Paunenge uchitengesa chigadzirwa, chinoratidzawo kunaka kwechigadzirwa.
Kupisa Kurapa Technology
Mashoma alloy ingots (mitsetse) ane yakaomesesa dendrite segregation kana kukanda kushushikana, senge tin-phosphor bronze, inoda kupinda yakakosha homogenization annealing, iyo inowanzoitwa mubhero chirongo chevira. The homogenization annealing tembiricha kazhinji iri pakati pe600 ne750°C.
Parizvino, mazhinji epakati annealing (recrystallization annealing) uye akapedzisa annealing (annealing kudzora nyika uye kuita kwechigadzirwa) yemhangura alloy mitsetse inopenya yakavharwa nekudzivirira gasi. Mhando dzechoto dzinosanganisira bhero chirongo choto, choto chemhepo cushion, vertical traction furnace, etc. Oxidative annealing iri kupedzwa.
Mafambiro ekuvandudza tekinoroji yekurapa kupisa inoratidzwa mukupisa kutenderedza pa-line mhinduro kurapwa kwemvura-yakasimbiswa alloy zvinhu uye yakatevera deformation tekinoroji yekurapa kupisa, inoenderera inopenya annealing uye tension annealing mumhepo inodzivirira.
Quenching-Kuchembera kupisa kurapwa kunonyanya kushandiswa kupisa-kusimbisa kusimba kwemhangura alloys. Kuburikidza nekurapa kwekupisa, chigadzirwa chinoshandura microstructure yayo uye inowana zvinodiwa zvakakosha zvivakwa. Nekusimudzirwa kwepamusoro-simba uye high-conductivity alloys, kudzima-kuchembera kupisa kwekupisa kunozoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Midziyo yekurapa yekuchembera yakangofanana nemudziyo wekuchembera.
Extrusion Technology
Extrusion ndeye yakakura uye yepamusoro yemhangura nemhangura alloy pombi, tsvimbo, kugadzirwa kweprofile uye billet yekugovera nzira. Nekuchinja kufa kana kushandisa nzira ye perforation extrusion, akasiyana alloy marudzi uye akasiyana-muchinjika-chikamu maumbirwo anogona kuburitswa zvakananga. Kuburikidza neextrusion, chimiro chakakandwa cheingot chinoshandurwa kuita chimiro chakagadziridzwa, uye iyo extruded chubhu billet uye bar billet ine yakakwirira dimensional kurongeka, uye chimiro chakanaka uye yunifomu. Iyo extrusion nzira inzira yekugadzira inowanzoshandiswa nepamba uye kunze kwemhangura pombi uye tsvimbo vanogadzira.
Copper alloy forging inonyanya kuitiswa nevanogadzira michina munyika yangu, kunyanya kusanganisira yemahara yekugadzira uye kufa forging, senge magiya mahombe, giya rehonye, honye, mota synchronizer giya mhete, nezvimwe.
Iyo extrusion nzira inogona kukamurwa kuita marudzi matatu: mberi extrusion, reverse extrusion uye yakakosha extrusion. Pakati pavo, pane akawanda maapplication epamberi extrusion, reverse extrusion inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwediki nepakati-saizi tsvimbo uye waya, uye yakakosha extrusion inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwakakosha.
Paunenge uchiwedzera, zvichienderana nehupfumi hweiyo alloy, zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvezvigadzirwa zvakawedzerwa, uye kugona uye chimiro cheiyo extruder, mhando, saizi uye extrusion coefficient yeingot inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvine musoro, kuitira kuti dhigirii rekuchinja rive. kwete pasi pe85%. Iyo tembiricha yeextrusion uye yekumhanyisa kumhanya ndiyo yekutanga paramita ye extrusion process, uye inonzwisisika extrusion tembiricha renji inofanirwa kutariswa zvinoenderana neplasticity dhizaini uye chikamu dhayagiramu yesimbi. Kune alloys yemhangura nemhangura, tembiricha yekuwedzeredza kazhinji iri pakati pe570 ne950 °C, uye tembiricha yeextrusion kubva kumhangura inotokwira kusvika 1000 kusvika 1050 °C. Kuenzaniswa neextrusion silinda yekudziya tembiricha ye400 kusvika 450 °C, musiyano wetembiricha pakati pezviviri izvi wakakwira. Kana iyo extrusion inokurumidza kunonoka, kutonhora kwepamusoro pe ingot kuchadonha nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekusaenzana kwekuyerera kwesimbi, izvo zvinozoita kuti kuwedzera kwemutoro weextrusion, uye kutokonzera chiitiko chinofinha. . Naizvozvo, mhangura nemhangura alloys anowanzo shandisa zvakati High-speed extrusion, iyo extrusion yekumhanyisa inogona kusvika kupfuura 50 mm/s.
Kana mhangura nemhangura alloys zvakasimudzwa, peeling extrusion inowanzoshandiswa kubvisa kuremara kweingot, uye hupamhi hwekuperera ndeye 1-2 m. Kuiswa chisimbiso kwemvura kunowanzo shandiswa pakubuda kweiyo extrusion billet, kuitira kuti chigadzirwa chigone kunyoroveswa mutangi remvura mushure meextrusion, uye pamusoro pechigadzirwa hachina oxidized, uye kunotevera kutonhora kugadzirisa kunogona kuitwa pasina pickling. Inowanzo shandisa yakakura-tonnage extruder ine synchronous take-up device kuti ibudise chubhu kana waya coils ine huremu humwe hunodarika 500 kg, kuitira kuti ibudirire kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwekugadzira uye goho rakazara rekutevedzana kunotevera. Parizvino, kugadzirwa kwemhangura nemhangura alloy mapaipi anowanzo tora horizontal hydraulic kumberi extruders ine yakazvimirira perforation system (double-action) uye yakananga mafuta pombi kutapurirana, uye kugadzirwa kwemabhawa kunowanzo tora isina-yakazvimirira perforation system (imwe-chiito) uye pombi yemafuta yakananga kutapurirana. Horizontal hydraulic mberi kana reverse extruder. Iyo inowanzoshandiswa extruder tsanangudzo ndeye 8-50 MN, uye ikozvino inowanzogadzirwa nehombe-tonnage extruders pamusoro pe 40 MN kuti iwedzere huremu humwe chete hweingot, nokudaro kuvandudza kushanda kwekugadzira uye goho.
Mazuva ano horizontal hydraulic extruders akashongedzerwa ane prestressed yakakosha furemu, extrusion barrel "X" giredhi uye rutsigiro, yakavakirwa-mukati perforation system, perforation tsono yemukati kutonhora, inotsvedza kana inotenderera die seti uye nekukurumidza Die inoshandura mudziyo, yakakwirira-simba inochinja mafuta pombi yakananga. dhiraivha, yakasanganiswa logic valve, PLC control uye humwe hunyanzvi hwepamberi, midziyo ine yakanyanya kurongeka, compact chimiro, kushanda kwakagadzikana, kuvharika kwakachengeteka, uye nyore kuona chirongwa chekutonga. Kuenderera mberi extrusion (Conform) tekinoroji yakafambira mberi mumakore gumi apfuura, kunyanya kugadzirwa kwemabhawa akasarudzika akadai sewaya dzemagetsi, izvo zvinovimbisa. Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, tekinoroji nyowani yeextrusion yakagadziridzwa nekukurumidza, uye maitiro ekuvandudza tekinoroji yeextrusion akaiswa sezvizvi: (1) Extrusion midziyo. Iyo extrusion simba reiyo extrusion press ichakura munzira yakakura, uye extrusion press inopfuura 30MN ichava iyo huru muviri, uye automation yeextrusion press production line icharamba ichivandudza. Michina yemazuva ano yekuwedzeredza yakatora zvachose kudzora chirongwa chekombuta uye programmable logic control, kuitira kuti kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira kugadziriswe zvakanyanya, vanoshanda vakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye zvinokwanisika kuona otomatiki isina kurongwa kushanda kwemitsara yekugadzira extrusion.
Chimiro chemuviri che extruder zvakare chave chichivandudzwa uye chakakwana. Mumakore achangopfuura, mamwe mahorizontal extruders akatora prestressed furemu kuti ave nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwechimiro chese. Iyo extruder yemazuva ano inoziva nzira dzekumberi uye dzinodzosera kumashure. Iyo extruder inoshongedzerwa neaviri extrusion shafts (main extrusion shaft uye die shaft). Munguva ye extrusion, iyo extrusion cylinder inofamba neiyo huru shaft. Panguva ino, chigadzirwa chiri Iyo nzira yekubuda nayo inopindirana nekufamba kweiyo shaft huru uye yakatarisana kune hama inofamba nzira yefa axis. Iyo yekufa base ye extruder zvakare inotora gadziriso yezviteshi zvakawanda, izvo zvisingangofambisi shanduko yekufa, asi zvakare inovandudza kugadzirwa kwakanaka. Mazuva ano extruders anoshandisa laser deviation adjustment control device, iyo inopa hunobudirira data pamusoro pemamiriro e extrusion centre line, iyo yakanakira kugadzirisa panguva uye nekukurumidza. Iyo yepamusoro-kudzvanywa pombi yakananga-drive hydraulic press uchishandisa mafuta sezvo svikiro rekushanda rakatsiva zvachose hydraulic press. Extrusion zvishandiso zvakare zvinogara zvichigadziridzwa nekuvandudzwa kweextrusion tekinoroji. Iyo yemukati yemvura inotonhorera yekubaya tsono yakasimudzirwa zvakanyanya, uye iyo inochinja-chinja-chikamu kubaya nekumonereka tsono inonatsiridza zvikuru lubrication maitiro. Ceramic molds uye alloy simbi molds ane hupenyu hwakareba uye yepamusoro yepamusoro mhando inonyanya kushandiswa.
Extrusion zvishandiso zvakare zvinogara zvichigadziridzwa nekuvandudzwa kweextrusion tekinoroji. Iyo yemukati yemvura inotonhorera yekubaya tsono yakasimudzirwa zvakanyanya, uye iyo inochinja-chinja-chikamu kubaya nekumonereka tsono inonatsiridza zvikuru lubrication maitiro. Iko kushandiswa kweceramic molds uye alloy simbi mold ine hupenyu hwakareba uye yepamusoro yepamusoro mhando inonyanya kufarirwa. (2) Extrusion kugadzira maitiro. Mhando uye zvirevo zvezvigadzirwa zve extruded zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera. The extrusion of small-section, ultra-high-precision tubes, rods, profiles and super-large profiles inovimbisa kuonekwa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa, inoderedza kukanganisa kwemukati wezvigadzirwa, inoderedza kurasikirwa kwejometri, uye inowedzera kukurudzira nzira dzeextrusion dzakadai sekushanda kweyunifomu ye extruded. zvigadzirwa. Mazuva ano reverse extrusion tekinoroji inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya. Kune simbi dziri nyore oxidized, mvura chisimbiso extrusion inogamuchirwa, iyo inogona kuderedza pickling kusvibiswa, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimbi, uye kugadzirisa pamusoro pemhando yezvigadzirwa. Kune zvigadzirwa zveextruded zvinoda kudzimwa, ingodzora tembiricha yakakodzera. Iyo mvura seal extrusion nzira inogona kuzadzisa chinangwa, zvinobudirira kupfupisa kutenderera kwekugadzira uye kuchengetedza simba.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kweextruder kugona uye tekinoroji yeextrusion, tekinoroji yemazuva ano yakashandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma, senge isothermal extrusion, kutonhora kufa extrusion, high-speed extrusion uye mamwe emberi extrusion matekinoroji, reverse extrusion, hydrostatic extrusion Iyo inoshanda yekushandisa yeinoenderera mberi extrusion tekinoroji. yekutsikirira uye Conform, kushandiswa kweupfu extrusion uye layered composite extrusion tekinoroji yeyakadzika tembiricha superconducting zvinhu, kuvandudzwa kwenzira nyowani dzakadai semi-solid metal extrusion uye multi-blank extrusion, kuvandudzwa kwezvikamu zvidiki zvakanyatsojeka Cold extrusion kugadzira tekinoroji, nezvimwewo, zvakave nekukasira kuvandudzwa uye zvakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya uye kushandiswa.
Spectrometer
Spectroscope chiridzwa chesainzi chinoodza chiedza chine kuumbwa kwakaoma kuita mitsetse yekuona. Chiedza chine mavara manomwe muchiedza chezuva ndicho chikamu icho ziso rakashama rinogona kusiyanisa (chiedza chinooneka), asi kana chiedza chezuva chakaora ne spectrometer uye chakarongwa maererano newavelength, chiedza chinooneka chinongotora chikamu chiduku mu spectrum, uye mamwe ose ari. spectrums zvisingagoni kusiyaniswa nemaziso, senge infrared rays, microwaves , UV rays, X-rays, nezvimwewo. Ruzivo rwemaziso runotorwa ne spectrometer, yakagadzirwa nefirimu yemifananidzo, kana kuratidzwa uye kuongororwa nekombiyuta ye otomatiki kuratidza. chiridzwa chenhamba, kuti uone kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zviri muchinyorwa. Iyi tekinoroji inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuona kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kusvibiswa kwemvura, hutsanana hwechikafu, indasitiri yesimbi, nezvimwe.
Spectrometer, inozivikanwawo se spectrometer, inozivikanwa zvakanyanya seyakananga kuverenga spectrometer. Chishandiso chinoyera kusimba kwemitsara inotaridzika pawavelengths akasiyana ine mafotodetectors akadai semachubhu ephotomultiplier. Iyo ine yekupinda slit, dispersive system, imaging system uye imwe kana akawanda ekubuda slits. Iyo electromagnetic radiation yeradiation sosi inopatsanurwa munzvimbo inodiwa yewavelength kana wavelength nechinhu chinopararira, uye kusimba kunoyerwa pane yakasarudzwa wavelength (kana kutarisisa rimwe bhendi). Kune marudzi maviri e monochromators uye polychromators.
Kuedza Instrument-Conductivity Meter
Iyo dhijitari inobatwa nemaoko simbi conductivity tester (conductivity mita) FD-101 inoshandisa musimboti wekuonekwa kweeddy ikozvino uye yakanyatso gadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekufambisa zveindasitiri yemagetsi. Iyo inosangana nemiyero yekuyedza yeindasitiri yesimbi maererano nebasa uye nekururama.
1. Eddy yazvino conductivity mita FD-101 ine matatu akasiyana:
1) Iyo chete Chinese conductivity mita iyo yakapfuura kuongororwa kweInstitute of Aeronautical Materials;
2) Iyo chete Chinese conductivity mita inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa nemakambani eindasitiri yendege;
3) Iyo chete Chinese conductivity mita inotengeswa kune dzakawanda nyika.
2. Chigadzirwa basa sumo:
1) Huru yekuyera chiyero: 6.9% IACS-110% IACS (4.0MS/m-64MS/m), iyo inosangana neiyo conductivity test yezvose zvisiri zvesimbi.
2) Hungwaru calibration: nekukurumidza uye kwakaringana, kudzivirira zvachose zvikanganiso zvemanyorero ekugadzirisa.
3) Chiridzwa chine muripo wakanaka wekushisa: kuverenga kunodzoserwa otomatiki kune kukosha pa20 ° C, uye kururamisa hakukanganiswe nekukanganisa kwevanhu.
4) Kugadzikana kwakanaka: ndiko kurinda kwako pachako kwekutonga kwemhando.
5) Hunhu hungwaru software: Inounza iwe yakagadzika yekuona interface uye ine simba kugadzirisa data uye kuunganidza mabasa.
6) Kushanda kuri nyore: nzvimbo yekugadzira uye marabhoritari inogona kushandiswa kwese kwese, ichihwina kufarirwa nevazhinji vevashandisi.
7) Kuzvitsinhanisa kweprobes: Yese muenzi anogona kuve akashongedzerwa neakawanda probes, uye vashandisi vanogona kutsiva iwo chero nguva.
8) Kugadziriswa kwenhamba: 0.1%IACS (MS/m)
9) Iyo yekuyera interface panguva imwe chete inoratidza kuyerwa kukosha muzvikamu zviviri zve%IACS uye MS/m.
10) Iine basa rekubata data rekuyera.
Hardness Tester
Icho chiridzwa chinotora rakasiyana uye rakanyatso dhizaini mune mechanics, optics uye chiedza sosi, izvo zvinoita kuti indentation imaging ijeke uye kuyerwa kwakanyatsojeka. Ose maviri 20x uye 40x chinangwa lenses anogona kutora chikamu mukuyerwa, zvichiita kuti kuyerwa kwehuwandu kuve hombe uye application kuwanda. Chiridzwa chacho chine microscope yekuyera yedhijitari, inogona kuratidza nzira yekuyedza, simba rekuyedza, kureba kwemukati, kuomarara kukosha, simba rekuyedza kubata nguva, nguva dzekuyerwa, nezvimwewo pachiratidziro chemvura, uye ine tambo ine tambo inogona kubatana. kune dhijitari kamera uye CCD kamera. Iine humwe humiriri mune zvigadzirwa zvemusoro wemba.
Kuedza Instrument-Resistivity Detector
Iyo simbi wire resistivity yekuyeresa chiridzwa ndeye yakakwirira-inoshanda yekuyedza ma paramita akadai sewaya, bhara resisitiv uye magetsi conductivity. Kuita kwayo kunoenderana zvizere nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi zvinodiwa muGB/T3048.2 uye GB/T3048.4. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya musimbi, simba remagetsi, waya uye tambo, midziyo yemagetsi, makoreji nemayunivhesiti, sainzi tsvakurudzo zvikamu uye mamwe maindasitiri.
Zvikuru zvechiridzwa:
(1) Inobatanidza tekinoroji yepamusoro yemagetsi, single-chip tekinoroji uye otomatiki yekuona tekinoroji, ine yakasimba automation basa uye nyore kushanda;
(2) Ingo dzvanya kiyi kamwe chete, ese akayerwa kukosha anogona kuwanikwa pasina chero kuverenga, akakodzera kuenderera, nekukurumidza uye kuona kwakaringana;
(3) Battery-powered dhizaini, saizi diki, nyore kutakura, yakakodzera kushandiswa mumunda uye mumunda;
(4) Chidzitiro chakakura, font hombe, inogona kuratidza resistivity, conductivity, kuramba uye humwe huyero hwakayerwa uye tembiricha, bvunzo ikozvino, tembiricha muripo coefficient uye mamwe ebetsero paramita panguva imwe chete, intuitive kwazvo;
(5) Muchina mumwe une zvakawanda-zvinangwa, une 3 kuyerwa nzvimbo, zvinoti conductor resistivity uye conductivity kupima interface, tambo yakazara parameter kuyerwa interface, uye tambo DC kuramba kuyera interface (TX-300B mhando);
(6) Chiyero chega chega chine mabasa ekusarudza otomatiki yeanogara aripo, otomatiki ikozvino commutation, otomatiki zero point kururamisa, uye otomatiki tembiricha muripo kururamisa kuti ive nechokwadi chechokwadi chechiyero chechiyero;
(7) Iyo yakasarudzika inotakurika ina-terminal bvunzo yekumisikidza inokodzera kuyerwa nekukurumidza kwezvinhu zvakasiyana uye akasiyana zvirevo zvewaya kana mabara;
(8) Yakavakirwa-mukati data ndangariro, iyo inogona kurekodha uye kuchengetedza 1000 seti yechiyero data uye kuyerwa paramita, uye kubatanidza kune yepamusoro komputa kuti ibudise mushumo wakazara.